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                <div class="container"><div class="toc" id="toc-auto">
            <h2 class="toc-title">目录</h2>
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        </div><article class="page single"><h1 class="single-title animate__animated animate__flipInX">Gradle 基础</h1><div class="post-meta">
            <div class="post-meta-line"><span class="post-author"><a href="/" title="Author" rel="author" class="author"><i class="fas fa-user-circle fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i>MC</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="post-category">收录于 <a href="/categories/gradle/"><i class="far fa-folder fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i>Gradle</a></span></div>
            <div class="post-meta-line"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;<time datetime="2020-12-15">2020-12-15</time>&nbsp;<i class="fas fa-pencil-alt fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;约 2407 字&nbsp;
                <i class="far fa-clock fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;预计阅读 5 分钟&nbsp;<span id="/gradle%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/" class="leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="Gradle 基础">
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                <div class="details-content toc-content" id="toc-content-static"><nav id="TableOfContents">
  <ul>
    <li>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#gradle-helloworld">Gradle HelloWorld</a></li>
        <li><a href="#task-的依赖">Task 的依赖</a></li>
        <li><a href="#动态任务">动态任务</a></li>
        <li><a href="#操作存在的任务">操作存在的任务</a></li>
        <li><a href="#groovy-dsl-中的快捷方式">groovy DSL 中的快捷方式</a></li>
        <li><a href="#task-的额外属性">task 的额外属性</a></li>
        <li><a href="#默认的-task">默认的 task</a></li>
        <li><a href="#配置">配置</a></li>
        <li><a href="#依赖外部的脚本">依赖外部的脚本</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav></div>
            </div><div class="content" id="content"><h3 id="gradle-helloworld">Gradle HelloWorld</h3>
<p>首先 Gradle 遵守<code>约定大于配置</code>，会为我们提供一条约定俗成的东西，这套约定俗成的东西是大多数人都熟悉的，如果没有特殊需求，我们应该尽量的不去定制。</p>
<p>Gradle 中的构建脚本默认是在项目目录下的 <code>build.gradle</code>。</p>
<p>gradle 不仅支持 groovy 脚本，现在还支持使用 Kotlin DSL 脚本。下面我会给出两个版本的代码。</p>
<p>按照惯例，我们会使用一个 Hello World 来进行入门。</p>
<p>在 Gradle 中我们会定义不同的 task 去执行。下面的代码定义了一个 helloworld 的 task 用来输出 helloworld。</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">helloworld</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">print</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Hello World!!&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;helloworld&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;Hello World!&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>我们可以使用 <code>gradle -q helloworld</code> 来执行 helloworld 任务。</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">gradle -q  helloworld
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Hello World!
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>使用 -q 能够压制 Gradle 的 log 输出，让我们的输出更加的清晰。</p>
<p>这个构建脚本定义了一个 helloworld 的 task，并且添加一个 action，当你运行 <code>gradle helloworld</code> ，gradle 执行 helloworld 的 task，一次执行你写的这些 action。</p>
<p>Gradle 脚本提供了 Groovy 和 Kotlin 的全部工作。</p>
<p>upper:</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">upper</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">someString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;my_nAmE&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;Original $someString&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;Upper case ${someString.toUpperCase()}&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;upper&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">val</span> <span class="py">someString</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s2">&#34;mY_nAmE&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;Original: </span><span class="si">$someString</span><span class="s2">&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;Upper case: </span><span class="si">${someString.toUpperCase()}</span><span class="s2">&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">gradle</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">q</span> <span class="n">upper</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">Original</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">mY_nAmE</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">Upper</span> <span class="n">case</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">MY_NAME</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>count:</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">times</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">print</span> <span class="s2">&#34;$it &#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;count&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">repeat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;</span><span class="si">$it</span><span class="s2"> &#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">gradle</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">q</span> <span class="n">count</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">1</span> <span class="m">2</span> <span class="m">3</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h3 id="task-的依赖">Task 的依赖</h3>
<p>你可以声明 task 的依赖。</p>
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</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">hello</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;Hello world!&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">intro</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">dependsOn</span> <span class="n">hello</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;I&#39;m Gradle&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt"> 1
</span><span class="lnt"> 2
</span><span class="lnt"> 3
</span><span class="lnt"> 4
</span><span class="lnt"> 5
</span><span class="lnt"> 6
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</span><span class="lnt">12
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;hello&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;Hello World!&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;intro&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">dependsOn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;hello&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;I&#39;m Gradle&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
</span><span class="lnt">2
</span><span class="lnt">3
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">gradle</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">q</span> <span class="n">intro</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">Hello</span> <span class="n">World</span><span class="o">!</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">I</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">Gradle</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>我们这里定义了一个 task 依赖于另一个 task，我们可以看到会先执行依赖的 task，然后才会执行这个 task 的 action。</p>
<p>我们可以将依赖的 task 定义在当前的 task 之后，这并不不会有什么影响。</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt"> 1
</span><span class="lnt"> 2
</span><span class="lnt"> 3
</span><span class="lnt"> 4
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</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">taskX</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">dependsOn</span> <span class="s1">&#39;taskY&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s1">&#39;taskX&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">taskY</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s1">&#39;taskY&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt"> 1
</span><span class="lnt"> 2
</span><span class="lnt"> 3
</span><span class="lnt"> 4
</span><span class="lnt"> 5
</span><span class="lnt"> 6
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</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">register</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;taskX&#34;</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">dependsOn</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;taskY&#34;</span><span class="o">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;taskX&#34;</span><span class="o">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">register</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;taskY&#34;</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;taskY&#34;</span><span class="o">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
</span><span class="lnt">2
</span><span class="lnt">3
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">gradle</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">q</span> <span class="n">taskX</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">taskY</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">taskX</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>这一点对于多项目的构建很重要。</p>
<p><strong>请注意，在 gradle 版本中不能使用 <code>dependsOn taskY</code> ，我们需要对这里的 taskY 加单引号。</strong></p>
<h3 id="动态任务">动态任务</h3>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
</span><span class="lnt">2
</span><span class="lnt">3
</span><span class="lnt">4
</span><span class="lnt">5
</span><span class="lnt">6
</span><span class="lnt">7
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">times</span> <span class="o">{</span> <span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">task</span> <span class="s2">&#34;task$counter&#34;</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;I&#39;m task number $counter&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
</span><span class="lnt">2
</span><span class="lnt">3
</span><span class="lnt">4
</span><span class="lnt">5
</span><span class="lnt">6
</span><span class="lnt">7
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">repeat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;task</span><span class="si">$counter</span><span class="s2">&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;I&#39;m task number </span><span class="si">$counter</span><span class="s2">&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
</span><span class="lnt">2
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">gradle</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">q</span> <span class="n">task1</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">I</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="m">1</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h3 id="操作存在的任务">操作存在的任务</h3>
<p>任务一旦被创建就可以通过 API 来访问。例如，在运行时可以动态添加任务之间的依赖。</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
</span><span class="lnt">2
</span><span class="lnt">3
</span><span class="lnt">4
</span><span class="lnt">5
</span><span class="lnt">6
</span><span class="lnt">7
</span><span class="lnt">8
</span><span class="lnt">9
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="m">4.</span><span class="n">times</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">task</span> <span class="s2">&#34;task</span><span class="si">$counter</span><span class="s2">&#34;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;I&#39; m task number </span><span class="si">$counter</span><span class="s2">&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">dependsOn</span> <span class="n">task2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">task3</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt"> 1
</span><span class="lnt"> 2
</span><span class="lnt"> 3
</span><span class="lnt"> 4
</span><span class="lnt"> 5
</span><span class="lnt"> 6
</span><span class="lnt"> 7
</span><span class="lnt"> 8
</span><span class="lnt"> 9
</span><span class="lnt">10
</span><span class="lnt">11
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">repeat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;task</span><span class="si">$counter</span><span class="s2">&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;I&#39; m task number </span><span class="si">$counter</span><span class="s2">&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">named</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;task0&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">dependsOn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;task2&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&#34;task3&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
</span><span class="lnt">2
</span><span class="lnt">3
</span><span class="lnt">4
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="err">➜</span>  <span class="n">example08_kts</span> <span class="n">gradle</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">q</span> <span class="n">task0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">I</span><span class="err">&#39;</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="m">2</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">I</span><span class="err">&#39;</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="m">3</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">I</span><span class="err">&#39;</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="m">0</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>这里我们定义了 task0 依赖于 task2 和 task3，所以在执行 task0 的时候必须先执行 task2 和 task3。</p>
<p>task2 → task3 → task0</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt"> 1
</span><span class="lnt"> 2
</span><span class="lnt"> 3
</span><span class="lnt"> 4
</span><span class="lnt"> 5
</span><span class="lnt"> 6
</span><span class="lnt"> 7
</span><span class="lnt"> 8
</span><span class="lnt"> 9
</span><span class="lnt">10
</span><span class="lnt">11
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</span><span class="lnt">14
</span><span class="lnt">15
</span><span class="lnt">16
</span><span class="lnt">17
</span><span class="lnt">18
</span><span class="lnt">19
</span><span class="lnt">20
</span><span class="lnt">21
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">hello</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;Hello Earth&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">hello</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">doFirst</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;Hello Venus&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">hello</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">configure</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;Hello Mars&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">hello</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">configure</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;Hello Jupiter&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">val</span> <span class="py">hello</span> <span class="k">by</span> <span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">registering</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;Hello Earth&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">hello</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doFirst</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;Hello Venus&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">hello</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;Hello Mars&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">hello</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;Hello Jupiter&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p><code>doFirst</code> 和 <code>doLast</code> 能够被添加多次。每次它们分别能够添加在 action 列表的第一个和最后一个，当执行任务，这些 action 在 action 列表中依次被执行。</p>
<h3 id="groovy-dsl-中的快捷方式">groovy DSL 中的快捷方式</h3>
<p>对于已经存在的 task 在 groovy DSL 中会能一个能够使用属性。</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">hello</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;Hello World!&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">hello</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;Greetings from the $hello.name task.&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>这能够提高我们代码的可阅读性，尤其是使用一些插件提供的 task 的时候，例如像 compile task。</p>
<h3 id="task-的额外属性">task 的额外属性</h3>
<p>你可以给一个任务添加自己的属性。添加一个名为 <code>myProperty</code> 属性，给 <code>ext.myProperty</code> 设置初始化值。然后，这个属性能够别读取和设置像一个预定义的 task 属性。</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">myTask</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ext</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">myProperty</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&#34;myValue&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">printTaskProperties</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="n">myTask</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">myProperty</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">register</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;myTask&#34;</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">extra</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">&#34;myProperty&#34;</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&#34;myValue&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">register</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;printTaskProperties&#34;</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">&#34;myTask&#34;</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="na">extra</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">&#34;myProperty&#34;</span><span class="o">])</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="err">➜</span>  <span class="n">example11_kts</span> <span class="n">gradle</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">q</span> <span class="n">printTaskProperties</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">myValue</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h3 id="默认的-task">默认的 task</h3>
<p>Gradle 允许你定义一个或者多个默认的任务，如果当没有指定执行特定的任务，这些默认的任务将被执行。</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">defaultTasks</span> <span class="s1">&#39;clean&#39;</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;run&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">clean</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Default Cleaning&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">run</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Default Running&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">other</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;I&#39;m not a default task!&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">defaultTasks</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;clean&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&#34;run&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;clean&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;Default Cleaning!&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;run&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;Default Running!&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;other&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;I&#39;m not a default task!&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">➜  example12_kts gradle -q
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Default Cleaning!
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Default Running!
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>这等同于执行 <code>gradle clean run</code> 。在一个多项目的构建中每个子项目能够有它自己的特定的默认的任务。如果一个子项目没有特定的默认的任务，则使用父项目的默认任务（如果父项目定义了）。</p>
<h3 id="配置">配置</h3>
<p>gradle 具有配置阶段和执行阶段。在配置阶段之后，Gradle 知道应该执行的所有任务。Gradle 提供了一个利用这些信息的机会。一个例子是检查发布任务是否在需要执行的任务中，以此为基础，可以为某些变量分配不同的值。</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">distribution</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="s2">&#34;We build the zip with version=$version&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">release</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">dependsOn</span> <span class="s1">&#39;distribution&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">prinltn</span> <span class="s2">&#34;We release now&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">gradle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">taskGraph</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">whenReady</span> <span class="o">{</span> <span class="n">taskGraph</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">taskGraph</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">hasTask</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;:release&#34;</span><span class="o">))</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">version</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1.0&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">version</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1.0-SNAPSHOT&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;distribution&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;We build the zip with version=</span><span class="si">$version</span><span class="s2">&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;release&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">dependsOn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;distribution&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;We release now&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">gradle</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">taskGraph</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">whenReady</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">version</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hasTask</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;:release&#34;</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="s2">&#34;1.0&#34;</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="s2">&#34;1.0-SHAPSHOT&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="err">➜</span>  <span class="n">example13_kts</span> <span class="n">gradle</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">q</span> <span class="n">release</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">We</span> <span class="n">build</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">zip</span> <span class="n">with</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="m">1.0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">We</span> <span class="n">release</span> <span class="n">now</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="err">➜</span>  <span class="n">example13_kts</span> <span class="n">gradle</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">q</span> <span class="n">distribution</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">We</span> <span class="n">build</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">zip</span> <span class="n">with</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="m">1.0</span><span class="p">-</span><span class="n">SHAPSHOT</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>在执行 release task 之前， <code>whenReady</code>  会影响 release task。即是 release task 不是主要的 task （通过 greadle 命令参数传递的）。</p>
<p>上面代码能够执行的原因是 version 的值仅仅能够被读取在执行阶段。当你在实际构建中使用类似的代码时，必须确保在配置的过程中不会立即读取这个值。否则，你的构建可能会在配置和执行之间的属性使用不同的值。</p>
<h3 id="依赖外部的脚本">依赖外部的脚本</h3>
<p>如果你的构建脚本需要使用一个外部的库，你可以添加它们脚本的路径在你的构建看脚本中。使用 <code>buildScript()</code> 方法，传入一个声明脚本路径的代码。</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">buildscript</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">repositories</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">mavenCentral</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">dependencies</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">classpath</span> <span class="n">group</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">commons</span><span class="p">-</span><span class="n">codec</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">commons</span><span class="p">-</span><span class="n">codec</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="m">1.2</span><span class="err">&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>buildscript 方法配置了一个 ScriptHandler 实例。你可以通过 classpath 来配置一个构建脚本路径。这与你声明 Java 编译路径的方式相同。你可以使用除项目依赖以外的任意的依赖类型（implementation，api 等）。</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-groovy" data-lang="groovy"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">buildscript</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">repositories</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">mavenCentral</span><span class="o">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">dependencies</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">classpath</span> <span class="nl">group:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;commons-codec&#39;</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nl">name:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;commons-codec&#39;</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nl">version:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1.2&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">task</span> <span class="n">encode</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">doLast</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="kt">def</span> <span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">encodedString</span>  <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Base64</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">encode</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;hello world\n&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getBytes</span><span class="o">())</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">println</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">String</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">encodedString</span><span class="o">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-kotlin" data-lang="kotlin"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">import</span> <span class="nn">org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">buildscript</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">repositories</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">mavenCentral</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">dependencies</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="s2">&#34;classpath&#34;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">group</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s2">&#34;commons-codec&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s2">&#34;commons-codec&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s2">&#34;1.2&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">tasks</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;encode&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">val</span> <span class="py">encodedString</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">Base64</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;hello world!</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&#34;</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">toByteArray</span><span class="p">())</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">encodedString</span><span class="p">))</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>多余多项目的构建，buildscript() 方法中的 dependencies 声明可以作用于每一个子项目的构建脚本。</p>
<p>构建脚本的 dependencies 也许来自 Gradle 插件，Please consult Using Gradle Plugins for more information on Gradle plugins.</p>
<p>每一个项目都会自动拥有一个 <a href="https://docs.gradle.org/current/dsl/org.gradle.api.tasks.diagnostics.BuildEnvironmentReportTask.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreffer ">BuildEnvironmentReportTask</a> 类型的 buildEnvironment task，可以调用该任务获取构建脚本依赖的解析情况。</p>
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